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Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors associated with the health literacy of the elderly. Methods 24 communities were randomly selected from Jinan City, and 1 201 elderly people were surveyed by the eHealth literacy scale. Univariate analysis was performed using the Chi-square test and multivariate analysis was performed using binary Logistic regression. Results The qualification rate of eHealth literacy among 1 201 older adults was 11.1%. Multivariate analysis showed that primary school education and below (OR=4.50, 95% CI:1.924-10.530, P=0.001), family pension (OR=3.08, 95% CI:1.326-7.165, P=0.009), poor self-rated health (OR=2.12, 95% CI:1.022-4.406, P=0.044), great self-rated life pressure (OR=4.09, 95% CI:1.686-9.938, P=0.002) were risk factors for eHealth literacy in the elderly; urban household registration (OR=0.52, 95% CI:0.337-0.815, P=0.004), the main person to taking care of grandchildren (OR=0.43, 95% CI:0.273-0.682, P<0.001 ), urban basic medical insurance or NCMS medical insurance (OR=0.22, 95% CI:0.047-0.998, P=0.05), commercial medical insurance (OR=0.10, 95% CI:0.019-0.552, P=0.008) and the parents being alive (OR=0.44, 95% CI:0.264-0.719, P=0.001) were protective factors for the elderly eHealth literacy . Conclusion The type of household registration, the level of education, the type of medical insurance, the way of caring for grandchildren, the way of providing for the elderly, the self-rated of health status, with the parents being alive, and the self-rated life pressure are the influencing factors of the eHealth literacy of the elderly.
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This paper analyzed the present situation on efficiency in hospitals and reasons for the failure of im-plementation. The analysis found that the research experienced a stage of fragmentation-dualization-systematic phase. The research subjects mainly included integrated or general hospitals (84. 21% ), hospitals of Grade II or above (55. 79% ), mixed and local systems (95. 26% ), and public hospitals dominated with 97. 89% , all of the subjects being covered from 22 provinces and municipalities. The comprehensive, technical and pure technical efficiencies had propor-tions of 87. 89% , 68. 84% and 86. 84 respectively and were concentrated in the research content, the evaluation meth-od being mainly DEA and and/or BCC (67. 89% ). The selection of indicators was mainly qualitative (47. 36% for pure literature analysis) and the main indicators were almost internally set. The first three were used in the frequency divi-sion outpatient emergency number (55 visits), number of beds and fixed assets (44) and total expenditures (42). The main sources of data were public access (27. 89% ), internal data (31. 05% ), investigations or various surveys (30. 53% ) and the hospitals’ own data reports (15. 26% ), and more than half (54. 21% ) was single road. Conclusion:The hospital efficiency evaluation focused on the integrated public hospitals above the grade two, mainly based on the relative efficiency of DEA, which involves many contents, wide geographical area and large span but the selection of in-dicators, data sources, and quantification of factors still restrict the quality of the results. The imbalance between the needs of researchers and managers for efficiency evaluation, inadequate understanding ad unbalanced knowledge togeth- er with the lack of relevant policies hindered the transformation of results. Therefore, the consistent mechanism for hospi-tals efficiency evaluation should be established from the angle of top-level design and actual situation of hospitals in China.
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The use of sperm, which is indispensable for embryo formation in human assisted reproductive technology (ART), has contributed a lot to social harmony, home happiness and advancement of related science and technology. However, it also yields a series of ethical problems. Proper handling of the contradictory relationship of ethical principles with science and technology is conducive to the healthy development of human ART.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Ethics , Sperm Banks , Ethics , SpermatozoaABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation among college students and to provide a scientific basis for promoting psychological health and suicide prevention.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>623 college students at Central South University were selected using stratified cluster sampling and administered a suicide ideation questionnaire, a Symptom Check List (SCL-90), an Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List (ASLEC), a Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and a questionnaire about background information. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors for suicide ideation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One year prior to our investigation, 14.6% of respondents had suicide ideation, 2.5% had made a specific suicide plan, and 1.8% had made a suicide attempt. The main risk factors for suicide ideation were dissatisfaction with the selected major of study, limited social support, recent negative life events and depressive tendency.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prevalence of suicide ideation among these college students was high. Appropriate measures focusing on the risk factors identified in this study should be urgently developed to prevent suicides in college students.</p>